CVE-2023-52567

Source
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52567
Import Source
https://storage.googleapis.com/osv-test-cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2023-52567.json
JSON Data
https://api.test.osv.dev/v1/vulns/CVE-2023-52567
Downstream
Related
Published
2024-03-02T21:59:38Z
Modified
2025-10-16T13:44:21.090096Z
Summary
serial: 8250_port: Check IRQ data before use
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

serial: 8250_port: Check IRQ data before use

In case the leaf driver wants to use IRQ polling (irq = 0) and IIR register shows that an interrupt happened in the 8250 hardware the IRQ data can be NULL. In such a case we need to skip the wake event as we came to this path from the timer interrupt and quite likely system is already awake.

Without this fix we have got an Oops:

serial8250: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 0, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A
...
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000010
RIP: 0010:serial8250_handle_irq+0x7c/0x240
Call Trace:
 ? serial8250_handle_irq+0x7c/0x240
 ? __pfx_serial8250_timeout+0x10/0x10
References

Affected packages

Git / git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git

Affected ranges

Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
edfe57aedff4ecf3606533aabf8ecf7676c3c5d9
Fixed
ee5732caaffba3a37e753fdb89b4958db9a61847
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
0bd49a043c7984c93c2a0af41222fb71c3986a4e
Fixed
c334650150c29234b0923476f51573ae1b2f252a
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
572d48361aa0a6e6f16c1470e5407de183493d0c
Fixed
bf3c728e3692cc6d998874f0f27d433117348742
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
d5d628fea5f6181809a9d61b04de6ade53277684
Fixed
e14afa4450cb7e4cf93e993a765801203d41d014
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
424cf29296354d7b9c6c038aaa7bb71782100851
Fixed
2b837f13a818f96304736453ac53b66a70aaa4f2
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
727e92fe13e81c6088a88d83e466b2b1b553c4e3
Fixed
e14f68a48fd445a083ac0750fafcb064df5f18f7
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
0ba9e3a13c6adfa99e32b2576d20820ab10ad48a
Fixed
3345cc5f02f1fb4c4dcb114706f2210d879ab933
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
0ba9e3a13c6adfa99e32b2576d20820ab10ad48a
Fixed
cce7fc8b29961b64fadb1ce398dc5ff32a79643b
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
0 Unknown introduced commit / All previous commits are affected
Last affected
d7c6aa39eb041e2a6a53106104200d11e2acc87f
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
0 Unknown introduced commit / All previous commits are affected
Last affected
f5fd2fd999b364801e9790c6f69f3fe3f40ed60f

Affected versions

v2.*

v2.6.12
v2.6.12-rc2
v2.6.12-rc3
v2.6.12-rc4
v2.6.12-rc5
v2.6.12-rc6
v2.6.13
v2.6.13-rc1
v2.6.13-rc2
v2.6.13-rc3
v2.6.13-rc4
v2.6.13-rc5
v2.6.13-rc6
v2.6.13-rc7
v2.6.14
v2.6.14-rc1
v2.6.14-rc2
v2.6.14-rc3
v2.6.14-rc4
v2.6.14-rc5
v2.6.15
v2.6.15-rc1
v2.6.15-rc2
v2.6.15-rc3
v2.6.15-rc4
v2.6.15-rc5
v2.6.15-rc6
v2.6.15-rc7
v2.6.16
v2.6.16-rc1
v2.6.16-rc2
v2.6.16-rc3
v2.6.16-rc4
v2.6.16-rc5
v2.6.16-rc6
v2.6.17
v2.6.17-rc1
v2.6.17-rc2
v2.6.17-rc3
v2.6.17-rc4
v2.6.17-rc5
v2.6.17-rc6
v2.6.18
v2.6.18-rc1
v2.6.18-rc2
v2.6.18-rc3
v2.6.18-rc4
v2.6.18-rc5
v2.6.18-rc6
v2.6.18-rc7
v2.6.19
v2.6.19-rc1
v2.6.19-rc2
v2.6.19-rc3
v2.6.19-rc4
v2.6.19-rc5
v2.6.19-rc6
v2.6.20
v2.6.20-rc1
v2.6.20-rc2
v2.6.20-rc3
v2.6.20-rc4
v2.6.20-rc5
v2.6.20-rc6
v2.6.20-rc7
v2.6.21
v2.6.21-rc1
v2.6.21-rc2
v2.6.21-rc3
v2.6.21-rc4
v2.6.21-rc5
v2.6.21-rc6
v2.6.21-rc7
v2.6.22
v2.6.22-rc1
v2.6.22-rc2
v2.6.22-rc3
v2.6.22-rc4
v2.6.22-rc5
v2.6.22-rc6
v2.6.22-rc7
v2.6.23
v2.6.23-rc1
v2.6.23-rc2
v2.6.23-rc3
v2.6.23-rc4
v2.6.23-rc5
v2.6.23-rc6
v2.6.23-rc7
v2.6.23-rc8
v2.6.23-rc9
v2.6.24
v2.6.24-rc1
v2.6.24-rc2
v2.6.24-rc3
v2.6.24-rc4
v2.6.24-rc5
v2.6.24-rc6
v2.6.24-rc7
v2.6.24-rc8
v2.6.25
v2.6.25-rc1
v2.6.25-rc2
v2.6.25-rc3
v2.6.25-rc4
v2.6.25-rc5
v2.6.25-rc6
v2.6.25-rc7
v2.6.25-rc8
v2.6.25-rc9
v2.6.26
v2.6.26-rc1
v2.6.26-rc2
v2.6.26-rc3
v2.6.26-rc4
v2.6.26-rc5
v2.6.26-rc6
v2.6.26-rc7
v2.6.26-rc8
v2.6.26-rc9
v2.6.27
v2.6.27-rc1
v2.6.27-rc2
v2.6.27-rc3
v2.6.27-rc4
v2.6.27-rc5
v2.6.27-rc6
v2.6.27-rc7
v2.6.27-rc8
v2.6.27-rc9
v2.6.28
v2.6.28-rc1
v2.6.28-rc2
v2.6.28-rc3
v2.6.28-rc4
v2.6.28-rc5
v2.6.28-rc6
v2.6.28-rc7
v2.6.28-rc8
v2.6.28-rc9
v2.6.29
v2.6.29-rc1
v2.6.29-rc2
v2.6.29-rc3
v2.6.29-rc4
v2.6.29-rc5
v2.6.29-rc6
v2.6.29-rc7
v2.6.29-rc8
v2.6.30
v2.6.30-rc1
v2.6.30-rc2
v2.6.30-rc3
v2.6.30-rc4
v2.6.30-rc5
v2.6.30-rc6
v2.6.30-rc7
v2.6.30-rc8
v2.6.31
v2.6.31-rc1
v2.6.31-rc2
v2.6.31-rc3
v2.6.31-rc4
v2.6.31-rc5
v2.6.31-rc6
v2.6.31-rc7
v2.6.31-rc8
v2.6.31-rc9
v2.6.32
v2.6.32-rc1
v2.6.32-rc2
v2.6.32-rc3
v2.6.32-rc4
v2.6.32-rc5
v2.6.32-rc6
v2.6.32-rc7
v2.6.32-rc8
v2.6.33
v2.6.33-rc1
v2.6.33-rc2
v2.6.33-rc3
v2.6.33-rc4
v2.6.33-rc5
v2.6.33-rc6
v2.6.33-rc7
v2.6.33-rc8
v2.6.34
v2.6.34-rc1
v2.6.34-rc2
v2.6.34-rc3
v2.6.34-rc4
v2.6.34-rc5
v2.6.34-rc6
v2.6.34-rc7
v2.6.35
v2.6.35-rc1
v2.6.35-rc2
v2.6.35-rc3
v2.6.35-rc4
v2.6.35-rc5
v2.6.35-rc6
v2.6.36
v2.6.36-rc1
v2.6.36-rc2
v2.6.36-rc3
v2.6.36-rc4
v2.6.36-rc5
v2.6.36-rc6
v2.6.36-rc7
v2.6.36-rc8
v2.6.37
v2.6.37-rc1
v2.6.37-rc2
v2.6.37-rc3
v2.6.37-rc4
v2.6.37-rc5
v2.6.37-rc6
v2.6.37-rc7
v2.6.37-rc8
v2.6.38
v2.6.38-rc1
v2.6.38-rc2
v2.6.38-rc3
v2.6.38-rc4
v2.6.38-rc5
v2.6.38-rc6
v2.6.38-rc7
v2.6.38-rc8
v2.6.39
v2.6.39-rc1
v2.6.39-rc2
v2.6.39-rc3
v2.6.39-rc4
v2.6.39-rc5
v2.6.39-rc6
v2.6.39-rc7

v3.*

v3.0
v3.0-rc1
v3.0-rc2
v3.0-rc3
v3.0-rc4
v3.0-rc5
v3.0-rc6
v3.0-rc7
v3.1
v3.1-rc1
v3.1-rc10
v3.1-rc2
v3.1-rc3
v3.1-rc4
v3.1-rc5
v3.1-rc6
v3.1-rc7
v3.1-rc8
v3.1-rc9
v3.10
v3.10-rc1
v3.10-rc2
v3.10-rc3
v3.10-rc4
v3.10-rc5
v3.10-rc6
v3.10-rc7
v3.11
v3.11-rc1
v3.11-rc2
v3.11-rc3
v3.11-rc4
v3.11-rc5
v3.11-rc6
v3.11-rc7
v3.12
v3.12-rc1
v3.12-rc2
v3.12-rc3
v3.12-rc4
v3.12-rc5
v3.12-rc6
v3.12-rc7
v3.13
v3.13-rc1
v3.13-rc2
v3.13-rc3
v3.13-rc4
v3.13-rc5
v3.13-rc6
v3.13-rc7
v3.13-rc8
v3.14
v3.14-rc1
v3.14-rc2
v3.14-rc3
v3.14-rc4
v3.14-rc5
v3.14-rc6
v3.14-rc7
v3.14-rc8
v3.15
v3.15-rc1
v3.15-rc2
v3.15-rc3
v3.15-rc4
v3.15-rc5
v3.15-rc6
v3.15-rc7
v3.15-rc8
v3.16
v3.16-rc1
v3.16-rc2
v3.16-rc3
v3.16-rc4
v3.16-rc5
v3.16-rc6
v3.16-rc7
v3.17
v3.17-rc1
v3.17-rc2
v3.17-rc3
v3.17-rc4
v3.17-rc5
v3.17-rc6
v3.17-rc7
v3.18
v3.18-rc1
v3.18-rc2
v3.18-rc3
v3.18-rc4
v3.18-rc5
v3.18-rc6
v3.18-rc7
v3.19
v3.19-rc1
v3.19-rc2
v3.19-rc3
v3.19-rc4
v3.19-rc5
v3.19-rc6
v3.19-rc7
v3.2
v3.2-rc1
v3.2-rc2
v3.2-rc3
v3.2-rc4
v3.2-rc5
v3.2-rc6
v3.2-rc7
v3.3
v3.3-rc1
v3.3-rc2
v3.3-rc3
v3.3-rc4
v3.3-rc5
v3.3-rc6
v3.3-rc7
v3.4
v3.4-rc1
v3.4-rc2
v3.4-rc3
v3.4-rc4
v3.4-rc5
v3.4-rc6
v3.4-rc7
v3.5
v3.5-rc1
v3.5-rc2
v3.5-rc3
v3.5-rc4
v3.5-rc5
v3.5-rc6
v3.5-rc7
v3.6
v3.6-rc1
v3.6-rc2
v3.6-rc3
v3.6-rc4
v3.6-rc5
v3.6-rc6
v3.6-rc7
v3.7
v3.7-rc1
v3.7-rc2
v3.7-rc3
v3.7-rc4
v3.7-rc5
v3.7-rc6
v3.7-rc7
v3.7-rc8
v3.8
v3.8-rc1
v3.8-rc2
v3.8-rc3
v3.8-rc4
v3.8-rc5
v3.8-rc6
v3.8-rc7
v3.9
v3.9-rc1
v3.9-rc2
v3.9-rc3
v3.9-rc4
v3.9-rc5
v3.9-rc6
v3.9-rc7
v3.9-rc8

v4.*

v4.0
v4.0-rc1
v4.0-rc2
v4.0-rc3
v4.0-rc4
v4.0-rc5
v4.0-rc6
v4.0-rc7
v4.1
v4.1-rc1
v4.1-rc2
v4.1-rc3
v4.1-rc4
v4.1-rc5
v4.1-rc6
v4.1-rc7
v4.1-rc8
v4.10
v4.10-rc1
v4.10-rc2
v4.10-rc3
v4.10-rc4
v4.10-rc5
v4.10-rc6
v4.10-rc7
v4.10-rc8
v4.11
v4.11-rc1
v4.11-rc2
v4.11-rc3
v4.11-rc4
v4.11-rc5
v4.11-rc6
v4.11-rc7
v4.11-rc8
v4.12
v4.12-rc1
v4.12-rc2
v4.12-rc3
v4.12-rc4
v4.12-rc5
v4.12-rc6
v4.12-rc7
v4.13
v4.13-rc1
v4.13-rc2
v4.13-rc3
v4.13-rc4
v4.13-rc5
v4.13-rc6
v4.13-rc7
v4.14
v4.14-rc1
v4.14-rc2
v4.14-rc3
v4.14-rc4
v4.14-rc5
v4.14-rc6
v4.14-rc7
v4.14-rc8
v4.14.315
v4.14.316
v4.14.317
v4.14.318
v4.14.319
v4.14.320
v4.14.321
v4.14.322
v4.14.323
v4.14.324
v4.14.325
v4.14.326
v4.15
v4.15-rc1
v4.15-rc2
v4.15-rc3
v4.15-rc4
v4.15-rc5
v4.15-rc6
v4.15-rc7
v4.15-rc8
v4.15-rc9
v4.16
v4.16-rc1
v4.16-rc2
v4.16-rc3
v4.16-rc4
v4.16-rc5
v4.16-rc6
v4.16-rc7
v4.17
v4.17-rc1
v4.17-rc2
v4.17-rc3
v4.17-rc4
v4.17-rc5
v4.17-rc6
v4.17-rc7
v4.18
v4.18-rc1
v4.18-rc2
v4.18-rc3
v4.18-rc4
v4.18-rc5
v4.18-rc6
v4.18-rc7
v4.18-rc8
v4.19
v4.19-rc1
v4.19-rc2
v4.19-rc3
v4.19-rc4
v4.19-rc5
v4.19-rc6
v4.19-rc7
v4.19-rc8
v4.19.283
v4.19.284
v4.19.285
v4.19.286
v4.19.287
v4.19.288
v4.19.289
v4.19.290
v4.19.291
v4.19.292
v4.19.293
v4.19.294
v4.19.295
v4.2
v4.2-rc1
v4.2-rc2
v4.2-rc3
v4.2-rc4
v4.2-rc5
v4.2-rc6
v4.2-rc7
v4.2-rc8
v4.20
v4.20-rc1
v4.20-rc2
v4.20-rc3
v4.20-rc4
v4.20-rc5
v4.20-rc6
v4.20-rc7
v4.3
v4.3-rc1
v4.3-rc2
v4.3-rc3
v4.3-rc4
v4.3-rc5
v4.3-rc6
v4.3-rc7
v4.4
v4.4-rc1
v4.4-rc2
v4.4-rc3
v4.4-rc4
v4.4-rc5
v4.4-rc6
v4.4-rc7
v4.4-rc8
v4.5
v4.5-rc1
v4.5-rc2
v4.5-rc3
v4.5-rc4
v4.5-rc5
v4.5-rc6
v4.5-rc7
v4.6
v4.6-rc1
v4.6-rc2
v4.6-rc3
v4.6-rc4
v4.6-rc5
v4.6-rc6
v4.6-rc7
v4.7
v4.7-rc1
v4.7-rc2
v4.7-rc3
v4.7-rc4
v4.7-rc5
v4.7-rc6
v4.7-rc7
v4.8
v4.8-rc1
v4.8-rc2
v4.8-rc3
v4.8-rc4
v4.8-rc5
v4.8-rc6
v4.8-rc7
v4.8-rc8
v4.9
v4.9-rc1
v4.9-rc2
v4.9-rc3
v4.9-rc4
v4.9-rc5
v4.9-rc6
v4.9-rc7
v4.9-rc8

v5.*

v5.0
v5.0-rc1
v5.0-rc2
v5.0-rc3
v5.0-rc4
v5.0-rc5
v5.0-rc6
v5.0-rc7
v5.0-rc8
v5.1
v5.1-rc1
v5.1-rc2
v5.1-rc3
v5.1-rc4
v5.1-rc5
v5.1-rc6
v5.1-rc7
v5.10
v5.10-rc1
v5.10-rc2
v5.10-rc3
v5.10-rc4
v5.10-rc5
v5.10-rc6
v5.10-rc7
v5.10.180
v5.10.181
v5.10.182
v5.10.183
v5.10.184
v5.10.185
v5.10.186
v5.10.187
v5.10.188
v5.10.189
v5.10.190
v5.10.191
v5.10.192
v5.10.193
v5.10.194
v5.10.195
v5.10.196
v5.10.197
v5.11
v5.11-rc1
v5.11-rc2
v5.11-rc3
v5.11-rc4
v5.11-rc5
v5.11-rc6
v5.11-rc7
v5.12
v5.12-rc1
v5.12-rc1-dontuse
v5.12-rc2
v5.12-rc3
v5.12-rc4
v5.12-rc5
v5.12-rc6
v5.12-rc7
v5.12-rc8
v5.13
v5.13-rc1
v5.13-rc2
v5.13-rc3
v5.13-rc4
v5.13-rc5
v5.13-rc6
v5.13-rc7
v5.14
v5.14-rc1
v5.14-rc2
v5.14-rc3
v5.14-rc4
v5.14-rc5
v5.14-rc6
v5.14-rc7
v5.15
v5.15-rc1
v5.15-rc2
v5.15-rc3
v5.15-rc4
v5.15-rc5
v5.15-rc6
v5.15-rc7
v5.15.111
v5.15.112
v5.15.113
v5.15.114
v5.15.115
v5.15.116
v5.15.117
v5.15.118
v5.15.119
v5.15.120
v5.15.121
v5.15.122
v5.15.123
v5.15.124
v5.15.125
v5.15.126
v5.15.127
v5.15.128
v5.15.129
v5.15.130
v5.15.131
v5.15.132
v5.15.133
v5.16
v5.16-rc1
v5.16-rc2
v5.16-rc3
v5.16-rc4
v5.16-rc5
v5.16-rc6
v5.16-rc7
v5.16-rc8
v5.17
v5.17-rc1
v5.17-rc2
v5.17-rc3
v5.17-rc4
v5.17-rc5
v5.17-rc6
v5.17-rc7
v5.17-rc8
v5.18
v5.18-rc1
v5.18-rc2
v5.18-rc3
v5.18-rc4
v5.18-rc5
v5.18-rc6
v5.18-rc7
v5.19
v5.19-rc1
v5.19-rc2
v5.19-rc3
v5.19-rc4
v5.19-rc5
v5.19-rc6
v5.19-rc7
v5.19-rc8
v5.2
v5.2-rc1
v5.2-rc2
v5.2-rc3
v5.2-rc4
v5.2-rc5
v5.2-rc6
v5.2-rc7
v5.3
v5.3-rc1
v5.3-rc2
v5.3-rc3
v5.3-rc4
v5.3-rc5
v5.3-rc6
v5.3-rc7
v5.3-rc8
v5.4
v5.4-rc1
v5.4-rc2
v5.4-rc3
v5.4-rc4
v5.4-rc5
v5.4-rc6
v5.4-rc7
v5.4-rc8
v5.4.243
v5.4.244
v5.4.245
v5.4.246
v5.4.247
v5.4.248
v5.4.249
v5.4.250
v5.4.251
v5.4.252
v5.4.253
v5.4.254
v5.4.255
v5.4.256
v5.4.257
v5.5
v5.5-rc1
v5.5-rc2
v5.5-rc3
v5.5-rc4
v5.5-rc5
v5.5-rc6
v5.5-rc7
v5.6
v5.6-rc1
v5.6-rc2
v5.6-rc3
v5.6-rc4
v5.6-rc5
v5.6-rc6
v5.6-rc7
v5.7
v5.7-rc1
v5.7-rc2
v5.7-rc3
v5.7-rc4
v5.7-rc5
v5.7-rc6
v5.7-rc7
v5.8
v5.8-rc1
v5.8-rc2
v5.8-rc3
v5.8-rc4
v5.8-rc5
v5.8-rc6
v5.8-rc7
v5.9
v5.9-rc1
v5.9-rc2
v5.9-rc3
v5.9-rc4
v5.9-rc5
v5.9-rc6
v5.9-rc7
v5.9-rc8

v6.*

v6.0
v6.0-rc1
v6.0-rc2
v6.0-rc3
v6.0-rc4
v6.0-rc5
v6.0-rc6
v6.0-rc7
v6.1
v6.1-rc1
v6.1-rc2
v6.1-rc3
v6.1-rc4
v6.1-rc5
v6.1-rc6
v6.1-rc7
v6.1-rc8
v6.1.28
v6.1.29
v6.1.30
v6.1.31
v6.1.32
v6.1.33
v6.1.34
v6.1.35
v6.1.36
v6.1.37
v6.1.38
v6.1.39
v6.1.40
v6.1.41
v6.1.42
v6.1.43
v6.1.44
v6.1.45
v6.1.46
v6.1.47
v6.1.48
v6.1.49
v6.1.50
v6.1.51
v6.1.52
v6.1.53
v6.1.54
v6.1.55
v6.2
v6.2-rc1
v6.2-rc2
v6.2-rc3
v6.2-rc4
v6.2-rc5
v6.2-rc6
v6.2-rc7
v6.2-rc8
v6.2.1
v6.2.10
v6.2.11
v6.2.12
v6.2.13
v6.2.14
v6.2.2
v6.2.3
v6.2.4
v6.2.5
v6.2.6
v6.2.7
v6.2.8
v6.2.9
v6.3
v6.3-rc1
v6.3-rc2
v6.3-rc3
v6.3-rc4
v6.3-rc5
v6.3-rc6
v6.3-rc7
v6.3.1
v6.4
v6.4-rc1
v6.4-rc2
v6.4-rc3
v6.4-rc4
v6.4-rc5
v6.4-rc6
v6.4-rc7
v6.5
v6.5-rc1
v6.5-rc2
v6.5-rc3
v6.5-rc4
v6.5-rc5
v6.5-rc6
v6.5-rc7
v6.5.1
v6.5.2
v6.5.3
v6.5.4
v6.5.5
v6.6-rc1
v6.6-rc2

Linux / Kernel

Package

Name
Kernel

Affected ranges

Type
ECOSYSTEM
Events
Introduced
0Unknown introduced version / All previous versions are affected
Fixed
4.14.327
Type
ECOSYSTEM
Events
Introduced
4.15.0
Fixed
4.19.296
Type
ECOSYSTEM
Events
Introduced
4.20.0
Fixed
5.4.258
Type
ECOSYSTEM
Events
Introduced
5.5.0
Fixed
5.10.198
Type
ECOSYSTEM
Events
Introduced
5.11.0
Fixed
5.15.134
Type
ECOSYSTEM
Events
Introduced
5.16.0
Fixed
6.1.56
Type
ECOSYSTEM
Events
Introduced
6.2.0
Fixed
6.5.6