In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: make sure the first directory block is not a hole
The syzbot constructs a directory that has no dirblock but is non-inline, i.e. the first directory block is a hole. And no errors are reported when creating files in this directory in the following flow.
ext4_mknod
...
ext4_add_entry
// Read block 0
ext4_read_dirblock(dir, block, DIRENT)
bh = ext4_bread(NULL, inode, block, 0)
if (!bh && (type == INDEX || type == DIRENT_HTREE))
// The first directory block is a hole
// But type == DIRENT, so no error is reported.
After that, we get a directory block without '.' and '..' but with a valid dentry. This may cause some code that relies on dot or dotdot (such as makeindexeddir()) to crash.
Therefore when ext4readdirblock() finds that the first directory block is a hole report that the filesystem is corrupted and return an error to avoid loading corrupted data from disk causing something bad.