In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: hisisas: Free irq vectors in order for v3 HW If the driver probe fails to request the channel IRQ or fatal IRQ, the driver will free the IRQ vectors before freeing the IRQs in freeirq(), and this will cause a kernel BUG like this: ------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at drivers/pci/msi.c:369! Internal error: Oops - BUG: 0 [#1] PREEMPT SMP Call trace: freemsiirqs+0x118/0x13c pcidisablemsi+0xfc/0x120 pcifreeirqvectors+0x24/0x3c hisisasv3probe+0x360/0x9d0 [hisisasv3hw] localpciprobe+0x44/0xb0 workforcpufn+0x20/0x34 processonework+0x1d0/0x340 workerthread+0x2e0/0x460 kthread+0x180/0x190 retfromfork+0x10/0x20 ---[ end trace b88990335b610c11 ]--- So we use devmadd_action() to control the order in which we free the vectors.